CAT: Clear Air Turbulence

Clear-air turbulence (CAT) is the turbulent movement of air masses in the absence of any visual clues, such as clouds, and is caused when bodies of air moving at widely different speeds meet.[1]

The atmospheric region most susceptible to CAT is the high troposphere at altitudes of around 7,000–12,000 metres (23,000–39,000 ft) as it meets the tropopause. Here CAT is most frequently encountered in the regions of jet streams. At lower altitudes it may also occur near mountain ranges. Thin cirrus clouds can also indicate high probability of CAT.

Flight Planning and Monitoring for Pilots: Model Test Papers

Flight planning is the process of producing a flight plan to describe a proposed aircraft flight. It involves two safety-critical aspects: fuel calculation, to ensure that the aircraft can safely reach the destination, and compliance with air traffic control requirements, to minimise the risk of midair collision. In addition, flight planners normally wish to minimise flight cost through the appropriate choice of route, height, and speed, and by loading the minimum necessary fuel on board.

Flight Planning and Monitoring for Pilots: Study Material

Flight planning is the process of producing a flight plan to describe a proposed aircraft flight. It involves two safety-critical aspects: fuel calculation, to ensure that the aircraft can safely reach the destination, and compliance with air traffic control requirements, to minimise the risk of midair collision. In addition, flight planners normally wish to minimise flight cost through the appropriate choice of route, height, and speed, and by loading the minimum necessary fuel on board.

Celebrating 100 Blog Posts!

What is blogging? It’s just like publishing a short story regularly, especially for creative writers. People blog about different things: politics, relationships, finance, health and wellness, personal life, history and so on. Some people do it for fun. Others make money through blogging. Most bloggers lives revolve around finding the next topic for their blog post. But one thing they learn very swiftly is to focus on their readers. The target audience. They are like a bunch of people you were able to convince but moment your content deteriorates, they…