{"id":3439,"date":"2025-02-26T08:25:12","date_gmt":"2025-02-26T08:25:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/?p=3439"},"modified":"2025-02-26T08:25:12","modified_gmt":"2025-02-26T08:25:12","slug":"understanding-pre-monsoon-weather","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/understanding-pre-monsoon-weather\/","title":{"rendered":"UNDERSTANDING PRE MONSOON WEATHER"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Weather occurs at different scales of space and time. The four meteorological scales are: microscale, mesoscale, synoptic scale, and global scale. Meteorologists often focus on a specific scale in their work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Planetary scale : Characteristics horizontal length ~ 5000 km, Time 5 days or more. Global scale phenomena are\u00a0weather patterns\u00a0related to the transport of heat, wind, and moisture from the tropics to the poles. An important pattern is\u00a0global atmospheric circulation, the large-scale movement of air that helps distribute\u00a0thermal energy\u00a0(heat) across the surface of the Earth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Synoptic scale : Characteristics horizontal length ~ 1000 km, Time 1 day. High- and\u00a0low-pressure systemsseen on local weather forecasts, are synoptic in scale. Pressure, much like convection, is an important meteorological principle that is at the root of large-scale weather systems as diverse as\u00a0hurricanes\u00a0and bitter cold outbreaks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meso scale : Characteristics horizontal length ~ 100 km, Time 5 hrs. Two important phenomena are\u00a0mesoscale convective complexes\u00a0(MCC) and\u00a0mesoscale convective systems\u00a0(MCS). Both are caused by\u00a0convection, an important meteorological principle.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Micro scale : Characteristics horizontal length ~ 1 km,  Time 10 min. Microscale meteorologists often study the processes that occur between soil,\u00a0vegetation, and surface water near ground level. They measure the transfer of heat, gas, and liquid between these surfaces. Microscale meteorology often involves the study of chemistry.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">In general, larger the horizontal length scale, larger is the time scale. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">In this blog we will have a look at Meso scale systems which affect aviation and aviators in general. The Meso scale systems like Thunderstorms are hazardous to aviation in various ways. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Synoptic scale systems in tropics derive most of their energy through meso-scale systems<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Difficult to capture with synoptic scale observations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Due to importance of miso-scale systems, international efforts have been made to study the system.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Tropical Convection is Mesoscale in Nature\u00a0i.e. Horizontal scale of ~ 10 sq km, Vertical extent averaging ~ 15 km, Time scale of about 1-6 hr<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">It interact with large-scale flow results in the development of mesoscale convective systems like SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS and associated severe weather phenomenon like HAIL STORMS, SQUALL &amp; LIGHTNING.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"308\" height=\"164\" src=\"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Unknown-3.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3441\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Thunderstorm<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>These are the most violent convective systems in the atmosphere and are associated with cumulonimbus (Cb) cloud.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>One of the ingredients needed for thunderstorm development is moisture, preferably in the lower and mid levels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Originate mainly over the heated land masses that heats up the air mass above it and initiates convection.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In India, these thunderstorms reach severity when continental air meets warm moist air from ocean.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The eastern and north eastern part of the country gets affected by severe thunderstorms mainly during April-May.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The presence of upper level shear adds severity to the storm since it differentiates the zone of the updraft form the zone of downdraft at this stage. It also extends the life time of the cell.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Moderate Thunderstorm: Loud peals of thunder with frequent lightning flashes, moderate to heavy rains and maximum wind speed 29 to 74 kmph<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Severe Thunderstorm :  Continuous thunder and lightning, heavy rains and maximum wind speed \u2265 75 kmph<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">SQUALL:  A sudden increase of wind speed by at least 29 kmph (16 kts), the speed rising to 40 kmph  (22 kts) or more and lasting for at least one minute. A squall is a\u00a0<em>sudden, sharp increase in wind speed lasting minutes<\/em>, as opposed to a wind gust, which lasts for only seconds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Moderate Squall : Surface wind speed (in gusts) upto 80 kmph<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Severe Squall: Surface wind speed (in gusts) > 80 kmph<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"308\" height=\"164\" src=\"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/images.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3443\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Hailstorm<\/strong>&#8211; Hail is a type of solid rain made up of balls or lumps of ice. Storms that produce hail which reaches the ground are known as hailstorms. They typically last for no more than 15 minutes but can cause injuries to people and damage buildings, vehicles and crops.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Slight Hailstorm : Sparse, usually small size and often mixed with rain<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Moderate Hailstorm : Fall abundant enough to whiten ground<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Heavy Hailstorm : Includes at least a proportion of large stones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"282\" height=\"178\" src=\"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Unknown-1-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3446\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>DUSTSTORMS<\/strong>&#8211; Sand and dust storms (SDS) occur when\u00a0<em>strong winds lift sand and dust from dry soils into the atmosphere<\/em>, transporting particles over vast distances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Duststorms, which are raised dust in the air occur only in the plains of Northwest India. Locally these are known as \u2018ANDHIS\u2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Duststorm activity starts in April and continues up to June. Their frequency of occurrence is at maximum in June.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>On a few occasions duststorms are followed by thundershowers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Intense surface heating, western disturbances and westerly trough are the causes of duststorms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Duststorms may be categorized into two types namely<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">(i) The Pressure Gradient Type and (ii) The convective type.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pressure gradient type thunderstorm: When the seasonal low pressure area over NW India becomes marked strong gradient builds up to the south of the low causing strong winds (about 30 kts). These strong winds raise the dust particles in the air reducing the visibility below 1.0 km such pressure gradient type duststorms occur frequently over Rajasthan in May and June. .<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Convective type thunderstorm: It occurs in the later part of the day or night. In this type of duststorms the dust particles are raised by the down draft winds of Cb-clouds in such cases the dust particle may go up to a height of 2 to 3 kms. Convective type duststorms often go before thunderstorms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"297\" height=\"170\" src=\"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Unknown-2-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3447\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">KALBAISAKHS\/NORWESTERS- Kalbaisakhi\u00a0<strong>bring destruction by uprooting trees due to\u00a0gale winds\u00a0and waterlogging roads due to heavy rainfall<\/strong>. It often damages crop by hailstorms. However it is extremely helpful for kharif crops like jute, paddy, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">The eastern and northeastern parts of our country i.e Gangetic West Bengal, Jharkahand, Bihar, Orissa, and States in NE India get affected by severe thunderstorms during pre-monsoon months of March to May.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">These storms usually travel from northwest to southeast direction and are called \u201cNorwesters\u201d. They are locally known as \u201cKalbaisakhi\u201d. These severe thunderstorms have very significant socioeconomic importance for eastern and northeastern parts of the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"likebtn_container\" style=\"\"><!-- LikeBtn.com BEGIN --><span class=\"likebtn-wrapper\"  data-identifier=\"post_3439\"  data-site_id=\"5e8b2a7b943ec9a66bb76b26\"  data-theme=\"nero\"  data-white_label=\"true\"  data-style=\"\"  data-unlike_allowed=\"\"  data-show_copyright=\"\"  data-item_url=\"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/understanding-pre-monsoon-weather\/\"  data-item_title=\"UNDERSTANDING PRE MONSOON WEATHER\"  data-item_image=\"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/convection-840x480.jpg\"  data-item_date=\"2025-02-26T08:25:12+00:00\"  data-engine=\"WordPress\"  data-plugin_v=\"2.6.54\"  data-prx=\"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?action=likebtn_prx\"  data-event_handler=\"likebtn_eh\" ><\/span><!-- LikeBtn.com END --><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Weather occurs at different scales of space and time. The four meteorological scales are: microscale, mesoscale, synoptic scale, and global scale. Meteorologists often focus on a specific scale in their work. In general, larger the horizontal length scale, larger is the time scale. In this blog we will have a look at Meso scale systems which affect aviation and aviators in general. The Meso scale systems like Thunderstorms are hazardous to aviation in various ways. Tropical Convection is Mesoscale in Nature\u00a0i.e. Horizontal scale of ~ 10 sq km, Vertical extent&hellip;<\/p>\n<div class=\"likebtn_container\" style=\"\"><!-- LikeBtn.com BEGIN --><span class=\"likebtn-wrapper\"  data-identifier=\"post_3439\"  data-site_id=\"5e8b2a7b943ec9a66bb76b26\"  data-theme=\"nero\"  data-white_label=\"true\"  data-style=\"\"  data-unlike_allowed=\"\"  data-show_copyright=\"\"  data-item_url=\"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/understanding-pre-monsoon-weather\/\"  data-item_title=\"UNDERSTANDING PRE MONSOON WEATHER\"  data-item_image=\"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/convection-840x480.jpg\"  data-item_date=\"2025-02-26T08:25:12+00:00\"  data-engine=\"WordPress\"  data-plugin_v=\"2.6.54\"  data-prx=\"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?action=likebtn_prx\"  data-event_handler=\"likebtn_eh\" ><\/span><!-- LikeBtn.com END --><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3449,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[19,18,46,59,25,77,17,24],"class_list":["post-3439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aviation-knowledge","tag-aircraft","tag-airlines","tag-aviation","tag-aviation-safety","tag-captain","tag-flight-crew","tag-flight-safety","tag-pilots"],"gutentor_comment":0,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>UNDERSTANDING PRE MONSOON WEATHER : Aviation Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"To understand weather, meteorologists study atmospheric patterns. 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Convection results in a transfer of energy, heat, and moisture\u2014the basic building blocks of weather.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/understanding-pre-monsoon-weather\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/understanding-pre-monsoon-weather\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/understanding-pre-monsoon-weather\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/convection.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/convection.jpg","width":860,"height":580},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/understanding-pre-monsoon-weather\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"UNDERSTANDING PRE MONSOON WEATHER"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/","name":"Vayu Academy Aviation Blog","description":"Be safe. Fly Safe,","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/29433e23aa5a7d782d44b51fed6994d0"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/29433e23aa5a7d782d44b51fed6994d0","name":"Anil Goyal","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/12189867_127260037634366_3732762705357218590_n.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/12189867_127260037634366_3732762705357218590_n.jpg","width":960,"height":475,"caption":"Anil Goyal"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/"},"description":"Airline Pilot | Experimental Test Pilot | Technical writer | Aviation blogger | Aviation Consultant\/Specialist I have 30 yrs of wide and vast aviation experience including military and airline operations. ICAO ATPL holder, Open IR Rating, Current Class I Medical, ICAO English Language Proficiency Level 5, Experience aviator with more than 9000 flight hours on commercial, military jet, transport, and training aircraft of more than 30 types of aircraft. Experimental Test Pilot. More than 10 years of experience. An exclusive experience as Project Test pilot on Fighter aircraft upgrade and two indigenous prototype development project SARAS and IJT aircraft. Skilled on flight test techniques in aircraft performance, stability and control, flying\/handling qualities, avionics, certification, and airworthiness. Significant experience in Radars, Electro-Optical Sensors, Communication systems, Displays, HOTAS and Controls, Human-machine interface, Navigation system, Datalink system, and Electronic warfare. Significant knowledge of Simulators and Mission planning and Debrief system. Qualified Flying Instructor with a crucial understanding of the training needs of pilots ranging from ab-initio to operational training. Military combat pilot. Accident, incident-free record flight safety record. Executive leader: Goal-oriented, cross-culture multilingual team builder who brings critical decision-making capability and flexibility to solve problems. A skilled communicator; experienced leader, precise technical writer, engaging public speaker, and negotiator. Experienced in program management, training plan\/syllabus authorship, organizational governance, and regulatory compliance.","sameAs":["https:\/\/vayuacademy.com","www.linkedin.com\/in\/testpilotanilgoyal"]}]}},"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3439","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3439"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3439\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3448,"href":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3439\/revisions\/3448"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3449"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3439"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vayuacademy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}